Scope

Power electronics hardware for vehicle and energy-storage products — onboard chargers and DC/DC converters — from early generations through to Cybertruck. Cumulative optimisation and part-count reduction across these programs delivered $100M/year in savings.

Ramp and reliability

Through the Model 3 ramp the work shifted to reliability and manufacturing improvement — the phase where a design either survives contact with volume or does not. Failures that appear once in ten thousand units are invisible in prototype and unavoidable at rate.

Packaging

Charger hardware is a packaging problem as much as an electrical one: magnetics, cooling, high-voltage clearance and serviceability all compete for the same volume inside the penthouse.